In Sochi, the presence of a harmful Asian species, colloquially known as the bamboo killer, has caused concern and damage to local vegetation.
The Heavenly or Sacred Bamboo, scientifically known as Nandina domestica, is a small shrub that has become a popular choice for gardens, thanks to its attractive appearance and the abundance of its ruby-red berries visible throughout three seasons: winter, spring, and summer. However, this decorative plant comes with a hidden danger.
Nandina domestica contains harmful substances such as scopolamine, atropine, hyoscyamine, and cyanide, which are collectively known as cyanogenic glycosides. These compounds produce cyanide upon hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract. All parts of the plant, including leaves, green fruits, and berries, are poisonous, with ripe berries being less toxic but still containing glycosides.
While human poisonings are rare or absent, likely due to low glycoside content in cultivated varieties, small amounts ingested, or the body's ability to detoxify small exposures, animals, particularly pets like cats and dogs, are at significant risk. Ingestion can cause rapid onset of symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal pain, increased temperature, increased heart rate and blood pressure, dark red mucus membranes, respiratory failure, shock, and potentially death in severe cases.
Birds are also at risk, though specific symptoms in birds are less well-documented. Due to its toxicity to wildlife and pets, cultivation of Nandina is discouraged or regulated in some regions. It's essential to remember that Nandina is not toxic through skin contact because cyanide is released only after digestion.
Despite its beauty, Nandina should be treated with care. Its flowers have a light citrus aroma, and during bloom, the plant is covered in tiny buds. However, its toxicity is a potential risk in gardens where it is cultivated.
In conclusion, while Nandina domestica may be an attractive addition to gardens, its toxicity is a significant concern, particularly for pets and wildlife. It is crucial to exercise caution when handling or cultivating this plant to ensure the safety of all creatures in and around the garden.
Pets and wildlife should be carefully kept away from Nandina domestica, a plant often found in home-and-garden and lifestyle settings, as its parts, including leaves, green fruits, and berries, are poisonous and contain harmful substances known as cyanogenic glycosides. Gardeners cultivating this attractive but potentially dangerous plant should exercise caution to protect both their pets and local wildlife.
